Salivary duct calculi, also known as salivary stones or sialolithiasis, refers to the formation of calcified masses or stones within the ducts of the salivary glands. The salivary glands are responsible for producing saliva, which aids in the digestion process by moistening food and facilitating its movement through the esophagus.
Salivary duct calculi are typically composed of minerals such as calcium and phosphate that accumulate over time, leading to the formation of small or large stones within the ducts. These stones can obstruct the normal flow of saliva, causing various symptoms and complications.
Individuals with salivary duct calculi may experience pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected gland, especially during meals when saliva production increases. They may also notice dry mouth, difficulty in opening the mouth, and foul-tasting discharge from the gland. In severe cases, salivary gland infections may occur, leading to further complications.
The exact cause of salivary duct calculi formation is not well understood, but several factors such as dehydration, poor oral hygiene, salivary gland infections, or anatomical abnormalities may contribute to their development. Based on the size and location of the stones, treatment options range from conservative measures such as increased fluid intake, warm compresses, and massage, to more invasive procedures like sialoendoscopy or surgical removal of the stones.
Overall, salivary duct calculi are calcified masses that form within the salivary ducts, causing obstruction and leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and infection. Proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications.
