SABIN VACCINES Meaning and
Definition
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Sabin vaccines, also known as oral polio vaccines (OPV), are a type of vaccine used to immunize against poliomyelitis or polio. This vaccine was developed by Dr. Albert Sabin in the 1950s and has been widely used as a preventive measure against polio globally.
Sabin vaccines consist of a live attenuated form of the poliovirus. Attenuated refers to a weakened virus that can still replicate in the human body but does not cause illness or severe symptoms. These vaccines contain a mixture of three different forms of the poliovirus, known as serotypes: type 1, type 2, and type 3. By introducing these weakened viruses into the body, the immune system will recognize them as foreign invaders and mount an immune response. This helps the body develop immunity against the poliovirus, so that if an individual encounters the actual poliovirus in the future, their immune system can recognize and neutralize it swiftly, preventing infection and subsequent polio disease.
Sabin vaccines are administered orally, typically in the form of sugar cubes or drops. This route of administration is highly advantageous as it eliminates the need for injections, making it easier to vaccinate large populations, particularly in developing countries. It is also known to provide better immunity within local communities through a process called 'passive immunization', where individuals immunized with OPV excrete the attenuated virus in their feces, thereby reducing poliovirus transmission within the community.
Although Sabin vaccines have been highly successful in reducing polio cases worldwide, it is worth noting that they carry a very low risk of causing polio in extremely rare cases. For this reason, in some regions where polio is eradicated or highly controlled, health authorities have shifted to
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Etymology of SABIN VACCINES
The word "Sabin vaccines" is derived from the name of the scientist who developed them, Dr. Albert Sabin. Dr. Sabin was an American physician and virologist known for his work in developing oral polio vaccines. The Sabin vaccines are a type of live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) that use weakened strains of the poliovirus to stimulate an immune response in the body. These vaccines were first introduced in the 1960s and have been instrumental in the global fight against polio. The name "Sabin vaccines" pays homage to Dr. Sabin's significant contribution to the field of vaccinology.
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