S PHASE Meaning and
Definition
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The S phase, short for synthesis phase, is a critical stage in the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs. It is a phase that takes place during interphase, which is the longest period in the cell cycle when the cell prepares for division. The S phase occurs after the G1 (gap 1) phase and before the G2 (gap 2) phase.
During the S phase, the cell undergoes the process of DNA synthesis, where the genetic material is duplicated to produce two identical copies of each chromosome. This replication process ensures that the daughter cells, formed during cell division, receive an accurate and complete set of genetic information. The replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and involves the unwinding of the double helix structure of DNA, followed by the formation of complementary strands with the help of DNA polymerase enzymes.
The duration of the S phase can vary depending on the cell type and its specific needs. However, on average, it takes about 6-8 hours for DNA replication to complete in human cells. Proper regulation of the S phase is crucial because any errors or disruptions during DNA replication can lead to genetic mutations and abnormalities, potentially causing various diseases, including cancer.
In conclusion, the S phase is the stage in the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place, ensuring accurate and faithful transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells.
Common Misspellings for S PHASE
Etymology of S PHASE
The term "S phase" is used in the field of molecular biology and refers to a specific phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place. The "S" in "S phase" stands for "synthesis".
The etymology of the word "S phase" can be traced back to the early pioneers in cell biology and genetics. When researchers first began studying the cell cycle and dividing cells, they noticed distinct phases and named them accordingly. Each phase received a letter designation to represent its unique characteristics in order of their discovery.
The renowned biologist Emil Heitz is credited with coining the term "S phase" in 1929. He used this letter designation to denote the period of synthesis or replication of DNA that occurs during the cell cycle. The identification of the "S phase" was an essential milestone in understanding the cell cycle and DNA replication, contributing to our knowledge of cell biology and genetics.
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