Rous Associated Virus (RAV) is a retrovirus belonging to the Retroviridae family, specifically from the genus Alpharetrovirus. It was first isolated and identified by Peyton Rous in 1911, making it the first tumor-inducing virus discovered in animals. RAV is primarily found in chickens, although it can also infect other avian species.
RAV possesses a single-stranded RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into DNA upon infection. The viral genome integrates into the host chicken cell's DNA, leading to lifelong infection. RAV is known to cause tumor formation, especially in chickens, by inducing uncontrolled cell growth and division.
Although RAV is implicated in several types of tumors, its exact mechanism of transformation is still not completely understood. The virus is transmitted primarily horizontally between chickens, usually through direct contact or exposure to contaminated tissues or bodily fluids. Vertical transmission from parent to offspring can also occur.
RAV has been extensively studied due to its implications in cancer research. It has provided critical insights into the understanding of oncogenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells. Furthermore, RAV has served as a model system for studying other retroviruses and their association with cancer.
Research on RAV has also led to the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies, facilitating the prevention and treatment of retroviral infections. Studying RAV continues to be crucial in unraveling the complexities of tumorigenesis and in designing strategies to combat retroviral diseases in both animal and human populations.
