Rotavirus is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children, causing severe gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is responsible for a significant portion of childhood diarrheal illnesses worldwide. The name “rotavirus” is derived from its characteristic wheel-shaped appearance under an electron microscope.
This virus belongs to the Reoviridae family and is classified into several different strains, with the most common being the group A rotavirus. It is transmitted through the oral-fecal route, primarily through direct contact with infected individuals or by coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. The virus can also be spread through respiratory droplets.
Upon entering the body, rotavirus infects the cells lining the small intestine, leading to a disruption in the absorption and digestion of nutrients. This results in watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and occasionally abdominal pain. In severe cases, dehydration can occur, requiring hospitalization and intravenous fluid administration.
Preventive measures mainly involve vaccination, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for rotavirus infection. Several effective vaccines are available, which have significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus-related hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. Maintaining good personal hygiene, such as regular handwashing, is also crucial in preventing its spread.
Overall, rotavirus is a viral infection that primarily affects young children, causing severe gastroenteritis. It spreads easily and can result in dehydration, necessitating proper medical care. However, with vaccination and hygienic practices, the impact of rotavirus can be minimized.
