The word "rosids" refers to a group of flowering plants that includes roses, apples, and almonds. In terms of pronunciation, "rosids" is spelled with a long O sound, as in "rose," followed by the letter S and then the short I sound, as in "lid." The IPA phonetic transcription for "rosids" is /ˈroʊsɪdz/. This spelling reflects the word's Greek origins, in which the "ros-" prefix refers to "rose" and the "-ids" suffix denotes a group or family.
Rosids are a diverse and widely distributed group of flowering plants belonging to the botanical class Magnoliopsida, within the phylum Angiospermae. This taxonomic group, also known as rosids or rosids clade, constitutes a major portion of the eudicots, which are one of the two main groups of flowering plants along with the monocots.
The Rosids clade is characterized by several shared characteristics. These include having flowers with symmetrical petals, generally possessing broad leaves, and typically having seeds enclosed within fruits. Members of this group also tend to have secondary growth, meaning they can produce woody tissue, contributing to the formation of trees and shrubs.
Moreover, rosids display a tremendous array of morphological forms and ecological adaptations. They encompass a vast botanical diversity, ranging from well-known species such as roses (Rosaceae family) to economically significant crops like apples (Malus) and strawberries (Fragaria). Additionally, they include various trees and shrubs, such as oaks (Quercus), maples (Acer), and willows (Salix), as well as many medicinal plants.
The rosids clade is further divided into several orders and families, representing the different branches and lineages within this taxonomic group. The order Malpighiales, for example, consists largely of tropical heath plant families such as Clusiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Other notable orders within rosids include Fabales, Malvales, and Rosales, each comprising diverse families that contribute to the overall biodiversity of the rosids clade.
The word "rosids" is derived from the scientific name of a major group or clade of flowering plants called "Rosidae". The term "Rosidae" itself originates from the Latin word "rosa" which means "rose", as many plants belonging to this group have rose-like flowers or are closely related to roses. Additionally, the name "Rosidae" was first used by the renowned Swedish botanist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal work "Systema Naturae" published in 1735. Over time, "Rosidae" was further refined and classified into various subgroups, one of which became known as "Rosids".