ROMANTICISM Meaning and
Definition
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Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century and prevailed throughout the 19th century. It is characterized by a profound emphasis on individualism, emotion, imagination, and the power of nature. Romanticism rejected the principles of the Enlightenment that focused on reason, order, and rigid rules, instead placing value on the subjective experience, passion, and sentiments.
In literature, romanticism is marked by a departure from the strict conventions of neoclassicism, favoring unconventional structures, vivid descriptions, and a focus on the beauty of language. Romantic writers often explored themes of love, nature, nostalgia, and the supernatural, seeking to evoke intense emotions in their readers.
Romanticism also had a substantial impact on art, introducing a more personal and imaginative approach. Painters, such as Caspar David Friedrich and J.M.W. Turner, depicted elements of the sublime and the mysterious, while also evoking strong emotional responses. Music composers, like Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert, expanded their compositions, emphasizing individual expression and the exploration of different emotions.
Romanticism was not limited to any specific country or medium, with its influence extending across Europe and North America. The movement also had a significant impact on social and political spheres, as it celebrated the heroism of the individual and criticized social constraints. Romantic ideals were central to the concept of nationalism and influenced various social and cultural movements throughout history.
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Etymology of ROMANTICISM
The word "romanticism" derives from the French word "romantisme", which was first used in the 18th century to describe a literary and artistic movement that originated during the Romantic era in Europe. The French term itself comes from the word "romance", referring to the medieval romances and heroic poems that were at the heart of this literary movement. Ultimately, the term "romance" was borrowed from the Old French word "romanz", which originally denoted the vernacular languages derived from Latin and later began to signify the stories written in those languages. The Old French term can be traced back to the Latin word "Romanice", meaning "in a Roman manner" or "in the Roman language". This term arose because the vernacular languages, such as French, emerged as a divergence from Latin during the Middle Ages when the Roman Empire was in decline.
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