ROMAN SENATE Meaning and
Definition
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The Roman Senate refers to the principal legislative body in ancient Rome, known for its influence and power within the early Roman Republic and subsequently the Roman Empire. Comprising of around 300 members, the Senate was composed primarily of patricians, the wealthy aristocracy of Rome. It served as an advisory body to the consuls and later the emperors, while also possessing significant authority in matters of legislation, policy-making, and judiciary matters.
The Senate initially held duties as the custodian of the Roman state's treasury, enacting laws, and providing counsel to the Roman officials. Senators were typically elected by the people or appointed by the consuls, but later on, it was the emperors who had the ultimate authority in choosing Senate members. Membership in the Senate was considered a prestigious position, reflecting high social status and political power.
The Senate convened in a designated meeting place known as the Curia Hostilia in ancient times. Later, subsequent buildings were erected, such as the Curia Julia in the time of Julius Caesar. The Senate was presided over by one of the consuls, and their decisions involved approving or rejecting proposed laws, declaring war, making treaties, supervising public finances, and overseeing provincial administration.
The role and significance of the Roman Senate significantly evolved over time. While initially it held extensive powers, during the imperial period, its authority gradually diminished as emperors consolidated more power for themselves. Nonetheless, the Roman Senate remains a vital institution in understanding the political history and governance of ancient Rome.
Etymology of ROMAN SENATE
The word "Roman" comes from the Latin word "Romanus", which means "of Rome" or "belonging to Rome". It refers to the ancient city of Rome and the civilization that developed there.
The term "Senate" has its origin in the Latin word "senatus", which is derived from the Latin word "senex", meaning "old" or "elderly". In ancient Rome, the Senate was originally a council of elders who advised the king. Over time, it evolved into a legislative and advisory body made up of experienced and influential citizens.
Therefore, the phrase "Roman Senate" refers to the political institution that existed in ancient Rome, which consisted of elected representatives who discussed and made decisions on various matters related to the governance and administration of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
