Right ventricular hypertrophy is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement and thickening of the walls of the right ventricle of the heart. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood from the body into the lungs to be reoxygenated. It is a compensatory response to increased pressure or workload exerted on the right ventricle.
The enlargement and thickening of the ventricular walls occur as a result of various factors such as chronic lung diseases like pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung diseases, congenital heart defects, or long-term exposure to high altitudes. The increased workload on the right ventricle leads to an increase in muscle mass, which results in the thickening of its walls.
Symptoms of right ventricular hypertrophy may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, palpitations, and swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen. It may also lead to complications such as arrhythmias, right-sided heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension if left untreated.
Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), echocardiogram, and other cardiac imaging tests. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and manage underlying conditions causing the hypertrophy. This may involve medications to control blood pressure, improve heart function, and manage arrhythmias. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as valve repairs, heart valve replacements, or ventricular septal defect closures may be necessary.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with a cardiologist are recommended to closely manage the condition and prevent further complications.
