Ricinoleic acid (/rɪˈsɪnəlɪk/ /ˈæsɪd/) is a fatty acid found in castor oil. Its name is derived from the castor bean, which is the source of castor oil. The word "ricinoleic" is spelled with the letter combination "ci", which is pronounced as /s/, although the letter "c" is usually pronounced as /k/. In addition, the final "e" in "ricinoleic" is pronounced as /ɪk/ instead of the silent /e/ found in many other English words.
Ricinoleic acid is a naturally occurring monounsaturated fatty acid that is found in castor oil. It is named after the castor bean plant, from which it is primarily derived.
Chemically, ricinoleic acid is classified as an 18-carbon fatty acid with a hydroxyl group attached to the 12th carbon atom. Its molecular formula is C18H34O3.
Ricinoleic acid is known for its specific physical and chemical properties. It is a thick, viscous liquid with a pale yellow color and a slight odor. It is insoluble in water but can mix well with alcohol and other organic solvents.
One notable characteristic of ricinoleic acid is its high concentration in castor oil. It accounts for about 90% of the fatty acids present in this oil. Due to this abundance, ricinoleic acid is often obtained by hydrolyzing or saponifying castor oil.
Ricinoleic acid possesses various beneficial properties and finds applications in numerous fields. It acts as a natural emulsifier, lubricant, and surfactant. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties. These qualities make ricinoleic acid useful in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. It is commonly found in soaps, cosmetics, lubricants, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Overall, ricinoleic acid is an important fatty acid present in castor oil, known for its unique properties and versatile applications.
The term "ricinoleic acid" is derived from the Latin word "ricinus", which means "tick". This is because ricinoleic acid was first isolated from castor oil, which is obtained from the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). The plant's name also originated from the Latin term "ricinus" due to its resemblance to a tick. The acid suffix "-oleic" indicates that it is an unsaturated fatty acid, commonly found in vegetable oils. Hence, "ricinoleic acid" refers to the specific fatty acid component found in castor oil.