Retinal Vein Thrombosis (RVT) refers to the occlusion or blockage of the retinal veins, which are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood away from the retina back to the heart. The condition occurs when a blood clot, or thrombus, forms in one of the retinal veins, impeding the blood flow within the affected vein.
RVT can be categorized into two main types: central retinal vein thrombosis (CRVT) and branch retinal vein thrombosis (BRVT). CRVT denotes the blockage of the main retinal vein, while BRVT involves the occlusion of one of the smaller tributaries or branches of the retinal vein.
The main risk factors associated with RVT include hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, atherosclerosis, blood disorders such as polycythemia, and certain systemic conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus. Symptoms of RVT may vary depending on the severity and location of the clot, but common signs include sudden painless loss of vision, blurred vision, visual field defects, and in some cases, the presence of retinal hemorrhages or swelling.
The diagnosis of RVT involves a thorough eye examination, including a dilated fundus examination, where an ophthalmologist can identify the presence of blood clots or other signs of vein occlusion. Additional imaging tests may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for RVT mainly aim to improve blood flow, alleviate symptoms, and prevent further complications. These may include the use of medications to dissolve blood clots, reduce swelling, or control underlying conditions. In severe cases, laser therapy or surgery may be necessary to treat complications or restore blood flow. Regular monitoring and follow-up with an eye
