Restricted code is a term used in communication theory that refers to a simplified way of speaking or writing that is specific to certain social groups or classes. The word "restricted" is pronounced /rɪˈstrɪktəd/ and the IPA phonetic transcription breaks it down into the following sounds: /r/, /ɪ/, /ˈstrɪkt/, /əd/. Similarly, the word "code" is pronounced /kəʊd/ and is broken down into the following sounds: /k/, /əʊ/, /d/. Understanding the phonetic transcription can help clarify the pronunciation of this technical term.
Restricted code refers to a linguistic framework or system of communication that is specific to a particular social group or community, often characterized by a limited vocabulary and a set of conventions or rules. It is a concept commonly used in sociolinguistics to describe the language used by individuals within a close-knit community, such as an ethnic or cultural group, which possesses shared cultural knowledge, experiences, values, and traditions.
The term "restricted code" was introduced by Basil Bernstein, a renowned sociologist, to explain the distinctiveness of language use in working-class communities. In restricted code, communication is generally more informal, relying heavily on shared assumptions and implicit meanings. It is characterized by a condensed and context-dependent style, using symbols and expressions that may not be fully understood by outsiders.
Key features of restricted code include the use of pronouns, gestures, and nonverbal cues, as well as assumptions about shared knowledge and experiences among community members. The vocabulary is often specialized and confined to specific domains, reflective of the community's shared interests and activities.
Restricted code serves as a form of social identity and cohesion within the group, by creating a sense of belonging and exclusivity. It functions to maintain boundaries and reinforce the group's cultural norms and values. However, it can also create barriers to communication and understanding with individuals outside of the community, as the linguistic style and shared cultural references may be inaccessible or difficult to interpret for those unfamiliar with the restricted code.
The term "restricted code" comes from the field of sociolinguistics, which studies the relationship between language and social processes. It was coined by sociologist Basil Bernstein in the 1960s. The term combines two words: "restricted" and "code" which have their own meanings.
"Restricted" refers to something that is limited, controlled, or bounded. In the context of language, it suggests that the code (or system) being used has limitations or constraints.
"Code" refers to a set of rules or conventions that governs a system of communication. In this case, it refers to the rules that underlie the way language is used in particular social contexts.
Therefore, "restricted code" refers to a specific set of linguistic features or patterns that are employed in certain social groups or contexts, often in more closed or tightly-knit communities.