Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a viral infection primarily affecting the respiratory system, particularly in infants and young children. It is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children worldwide.
RSV is highly contagious and is typically transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, increasing the risk of transmission through contact with contaminated objects. The infection can also spread through close personal contact with an infected individual, making daycare centers and schools common areas for RSV transmission.
Symptoms of RSV infection include coughing, sneezing, runny nose, fever, and wheezing. In severe cases, it can lead to breathing difficulties and respiratory distress, particularly in premature infants or children with underlying health conditions. Although RSV infections are most common in infants and young children, adults can also contract the virus and experience mild respiratory symptoms.
Currently, there is no specific treatment for RSV, and most individuals recover with supportive care such as rest, hydration, and fever reducers. However, severe cases may require hospitalization and the use of supplemental oxygen or respiratory support. Prevention of RSV infection involves practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick, and keeping shared objects clean and sanitized. Additionally, a monoclonal antibody medication called palivizumab is available for high-risk infants to help prevent severe RSV infections.
