Renal cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the kidneys. It is the most common form of kidney cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. This cancer typically arises within the lining of the tiny tubes within the kidney, known as renal tubules. Renal cell carcinoma usually affects one kidney, but it can also develop in both kidneys.
The exact cause of renal cell carcinoma is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including cigarette smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, certain genetic conditions, exposure to certain chemicals, and family history of the disease.
The symptoms of renal cell carcinoma may vary but can include blood in the urine, back pain or pain in the side, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, and swelling in the ankles or legs. However, in some cases, renal cell carcinoma may not cause any noticeable symptoms until it has reached an advanced stage.
Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma often involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as laboratory tests to examine blood and urine samples. Treatment options for renal cell carcinoma may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the specific characteristics of the tumor. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential to detect any potential recurrence or metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.
