Renal artery stenosis refers to a narrowing or constriction of one or both of the renal arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply blood to the kidneys. The condition is typically caused by the buildup of plaque or fatty deposits within the arterial walls, leading to a reduction in blood flow to the kidneys. This narrowing can also be a result of the artery becoming compressed due to an adjacent structure or due to the development of fibrous tissue within the artery.
Renal artery stenosis can have serious implications for kidney function and overall health. The reduced blood flow to the kidneys may trigger various physiological responses, such as the release of hormones that raise blood pressure, including renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone. As a consequence, renal artery stenosis is often associated with hypertension (high blood pressure), which can further damage the kidneys and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks and strokes.
Symptoms of renal artery stenosis can vary but may include uncontrolled high blood pressure, progressive kidney dysfunction, decreased urine output, fluid retention, and occasionally abdominal or flank pain. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, or computed tomography angiography are commonly used for diagnosis.
Treatment options for renal artery stenosis include medications for blood pressure control, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions such as angioplasty (using a balloon to widen the artery) or stent placement (inserting a metal tube to keep the artery open). In severe cases, a surgical bypass or nephrectomy (removal of the affected kidney) may be necessary. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the stenosis, the patient's overall health, and the presence of complications. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are essential for managing renal
