Remitting Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is a chronic autoimmune neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain and spinal cord. RRMS is considered to be the most common form of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is characterized by its alternating pattern of relapses and periods of remission.
During relapses, also known as exacerbations or flare-ups, individuals with RRMS experience the sudden onset or worsening of various symptoms, which can vary greatly from person to person. These symptoms may include fatigue, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling in the limbs, problems with coordination and balance, blurred or double vision, speech difficulties, and cognitive impairments, among others. Relapses typically last for a few days to several weeks, but can also persist for months.
Remission phases occur between relapses, where the symptoms partially or completely fade away, allowing the individual to experience periods of improved health and functioning. However, in RRMS, the remission phase does not denote a full recovery, as some level of underlying disease activity and damage to the CNS may still persist.
The exact cause of RRMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers called myelin, resulting in inflammation, scarring, and disruptions in the transmission of nerve signals.
Currently, there is no cure for RRMS, but various therapies are available to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and potentially reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. These treatments may include disease-modifying medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
