Refractory Anemia with Excess of Blasts (RAEB) is a medical condition characterized by abnormal production and maturation of blood cells within the bone marrow. Specifically, it is a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a group of disorders that affect the production of healthy blood cells.
In RAEB, the bone marrow exhibits inadequate maturation of blood cells, resulting in the presence of abnormal or immature cells known as blasts. Blasts are usually seen in very small quantities in a healthy bone marrow, but in RAEB, their excess presence indicates a disturbance in the normal development of blood cells. This dysplastic change can affect both red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.
Patients diagnosed with RAEB often experience symptoms such as anemia, fatigue, increased susceptibility to infections, bleeding, and bruising. The condition can also progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in some cases.
The diagnosis of RAEB involves the examination of bone marrow samples through a procedure known as a bone marrow biopsy. This allows healthcare professionals to study the cellular composition and identify the excess of blasts.
Treatment for RAEB depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, age of the patient, and overall health. It may involve supportive care measures, such as blood transfusions and antibiotics to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Additionally, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs, and bone marrow transplantation may be considered as treatment options in some cases.
