Raw socket (rɔː ˈsɒkɪt) is a term used in computer networking. It refers to direct access to the network interface card, allowing software to operate at a lower level than usual. The spelling of 'socket' is straightforward but some confusion might surround the word 'raw'. It is pronounced as 'rɔː', which is the long a sound, followed by the consonant cluster that begins with a trilled 'r' and ends with an unvoiced 't'. This sound is common in North American, British and Australian English.
A raw socket is a communication endpoint or interface that allows direct access to network protocols at a lower level compared to typical network sockets. It enables the creation, transmission, and reception of network packets without typical operating system abstractions or protocol processing.
In computer networking, the term "raw" refers to the absence of any protocol encapsulation or data formatting that is usually performed by higher-level protocols or applications. Raw sockets provide programmers with the ability to work with individual packets and control various network parameters directly.
Unlike standard or stream sockets that interact with specific protocols like TCP or UDP, raw sockets operate at a lower level, allowing direct access to IP (Internet Protocol) packets and other network layer protocols. This level of access enables developers to construct custom packets, manipulate existing packets, and implement advanced networking tasks.
The usage of raw sockets is typically limited to advanced network applications and protocols, such as network monitoring, packet sniffing, security analysis, or when creating low-level networking tools. However, due to their potential implications and security risks, raw sockets may require special privileges, administrative rights, or operating system support for access. It is essential to exercise caution and implement appropriate security measures while working with raw sockets to ensure the integrity and safety of the network environment.
The term "raw socket" is derived from two separate components: "raw" and "socket".
1. Raw: In computing, the term "raw" typically refers to data in its unprocessed, original form. It implies that the data has not been modified, interpreted, or encapsulated by any higher-level protocols. Raw data is generally closer to the underlying network or hardware level.
2. Socket: In networking, a socket typically refers to a software interface that allows processes to communicate with one another across a computer network. It enables different programs or machines to establish connections, transmit data, and receive data. Sockets provide a means for network communication by encapsulating data packets and sending them over a network.
Therefore, "raw socket" signifies a type of socket that allows applications to send and receive data at a lower level, bypassing some of the typical abstractions and processing introduced by higher-level protocols.