Random sampling is a technique used in statistics that involves selecting participants or data points from a population entirely by chance. The spelling of "random sampling" uses the IPA phonetic transcription to denote the pronunciation of each syllable: /ˈrændəm ˈsæmplɪŋ/. The first syllable is pronounced with a short "a" sound followed by the "n" and "d" sounds. The second syllable uses a short "a" sound, followed by the "m" and "p" sounds, while the third syllable is pronounced with a short "i" sound, "ng," and ends with the "g" sound.
Random sampling is a statistical method used in research and data analysis to collect representative data from a larger population. It involves selecting a sample from the population in an unbiased and random manner, allowing each member of the population to have an equal chance of being included in the sample. This ensures that the resulting sample is selected without any preconceived biases, leading to a more accurate and objective representation of the population.
The process of random sampling involves using randomization techniques, such as random number generators or random selection methods, to choose individuals or elements for inclusion in the sample. This randomness helps to minimize potential sources of bias and provides a fair and equitable representation of the population.
Random sampling is often employed in various fields such as social sciences, marketing research, and quality control. It is especially useful when studying large populations that are difficult or impractical to survey in their entirety.
The advantages of random sampling include its ability to reduce sampling errors and increase the likelihood of obtaining a representative sample. It allows researchers to make generalizations and statistical inferences about the population based on the characteristics of the sample. Moreover, random sampling facilitates the application of inferential statistics and hypothesis testing, enabling researchers to draw valid conclusions and make reliable predictions about the larger population.
The word "random" originated from the Middle English word "randoun" or "randon" which meant "impetuosity" or "forceful motion". Over time, it evolved to mean something occurring without a specific pattern, unpredictably, or by chance.
The term "sampling" comes from the Old English word "sampilian" which means to "take a sample" or "test". It also has its roots in the Latin word "exemplum" meaning "example" or "sample".
Hence, "random sampling" combines these two concepts. It refers to the process of selecting individuals or items from a larger population in a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen, without any particular order or bias.