Ramadan is a significant and sacred month observed primarily by Muslims around the world. Derived from the Arabic word "ramad", meaning scorching heat or dryness, Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. During this month, Muslims engage in a period of intense religious reflection, self-discipline, and increased devotion.
Ramadan is characterized by fasting from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink (including water), smoking, and other physical needs. The fast, considered as one of the Five Pillars of Islam, aims to encourage spiritual purification, resilience, empathy, and self-control. Observing the fast is not mandatory for children, the elderly, pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with health conditions, or individuals traveling. However, these individuals can choose to fast at a later time if they are physically able to do so.
The pre-dawn meal before the fast begins is called "suhoor", and the meal that concludes the fast after sunset is called "iftar". Muslims also engage in special prayers, called "taraweeh", performed in congregation at night during Ramadan. In addition to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to engage in acts of charity, increase their recitation and study of the Qur'an, and intensify their prayers during this holy month.
Ramadan concludes with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, a joyous holiday that marks the end of the fasting period. This festive occasion involves communal prayers, special meals, visiting family and friends, distributing gifts, and engaging in acts of charity.
