RADIOTHERAPY DOSE FRACTIONATION Meaning and
Definition
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Radiotherapy dose fractionation refers to the process of dividing a total prescribed dose of radiation therapy into smaller, equally potent fractions or doses that are delivered over a set period of time. The goal of this approach is to optimize the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy while minimizing potential damage to normal surrounding tissues.
Fractionation is based on the principle that tumor cells are generally less efficient at recovering from radiation-induced DNA damage compared to normal cells. By dividing the total radiation dose into fractions, healthy tissues have an opportunity to repair and regenerate while tumor cells are continuously exposed to lethal levels of radiation. This allows for maximal tumor control while minimizing radiation-related side effects.
The choice of fractionation scheme is tailored to specific tumor characteristics, patient factors, and treatment goals. This includes considering factors such as tumor size and location, cancer type, overall treatment time, and the radiation sensitivity of surrounding healthy tissues. Fractionation can be delivered once or multiple times a day, with each treatment session referred to as a fraction.
Fractionation schemes typically involve delivering fractions in a regular pattern over several weeks. Commonly used fractionation regimens include conventional fractionation, hypofractionation, and hyperfractionation. Conventional fractionation involves delivering small fractions (usually 1.8-2 Gy) once daily over several weeks. Hypofractionation entails delivering larger fractions (2.5-3.5 Gy or more) less frequently, typically over a shorter overall treatment time. Hyperfractionation involves delivering smaller fractions more than once per day.
Radiotherapy dose fractionation is a key concept in radiation oncology that facilitates the successful treatment of cancer by providing effective tumor control while minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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