Radiation Protective Agents, also known as radioprotectors or radioprotective agents, refer to substances or compounds that are used to protect living organisms from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and high-energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can cause damage to cells and DNA, leading to various health issues including tissue damage, cellular mutations, and increased risk of cancer.
Radiation Protective Agents function by different mechanisms to minimize or prevent the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. These agents may act as free radical scavengers, antioxidants, or DNA repair stimulators. By neutralizing or reducing the number of free radicals generated by ionizing radiation, radiation protective agents help decrease the oxidative stress and DNA damage that can occur. They can also enhance the repair mechanisms of damaged DNA, preventing mutations and potential carcinogenesis.
Various radiation protective agents have been developed and are used in different fields, such as medical radiation therapy, nuclear power plant operation, space exploration, and military applications. Some well-known examples of radiation protective agents include amifostine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics, vitamin E, selenium compounds, and various botanical extracts.
Radiation protective agents play a crucial role in minimizing the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on exposed individuals and ecosystems. Their use is of particular importance in situations where exposure to ionizing radiation is inevitable or significant, offering a potential means to mitigate health risks associated with radiation exposure.
