Rabbit Fibromatosis Virus (RFV) is a contagious viral disease that affects rabbits and is primarily characterized by the development of benign skin tumors known as fibromas or fibrous papillomas.
RFV belongs to the family Leporipoxvirus and is a double-stranded DNA virus. It primarily affects both domestic and wild rabbits, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus sp.). The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, as well as through biting insects such as mosquitoes or fleas, which act as vectors.
The fibromas caused by RFV typically appear as wart-like growths, varying in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. These tumors usually develop on the skin, particularly on the head, neck, ears, and genital region of infected rabbits. In severe cases, they can also occur internally, affecting organs such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys.
Clinical signs of RFV infection include the presence of these fibromas, along with hair loss, itching, and occasionally, secondary bacterial infections. Affected rabbits may also exhibit reduced activity, appetite loss, weight loss, and overall poor health.
While most cases of RFV resolve spontaneously within a few months, it is crucial to isolate affected rabbits from healthy ones to prevent further spread. There is currently no specific treatment for RFV, but supportive care, including wound management and addressing secondary infections, can be provided by a veterinarian.
Prevention strategies against RFV primarily involve maintaining good hygiene practices, regular insect control, and vaccination when available.
