Pyonephrosis is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by the accumulation of pus within the renal pelvis, which is the central collecting region of the kidney. The word is derived from the Greek words "pyo," meaning pus, "nephro," relating to the kidney, and "osis," which denotes a pathological condition.
Pyonephrosis typically arises as a consequence of an obstructed urinary tract, most commonly caused by kidney stones or tumors. The blockage prevents the proper drainage of urine from the kidney, leading to the stagnation and subsequent infection of urine within the renal pelvis. Over time, this infected urine turns into pus, causing the kidney to become distended and swollen.
Symptoms of pyonephrosis may include severe and persistent pain in the flank or lower back, fever, chills, frequent urination, urgency, blood in the urine, and a general feeling of illness. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications such as kidney damage, sepsis, or widespread infection.
Diagnosis of pyonephrosis involves a thorough evaluation of symptoms, physical examination, and the use of imaging techniques like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment typically involves the removal of the underlying cause of the obstruction, which may include procedures to remove kidney stones or surgical intervention in cases of tumors. Additionally, antibiotics are prescribed to treat the infection. In some severe cases, a nephrostomy tube may be inserted to drain the pus and relieve pressure on the kidney.
Overall, pyonephrosis is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent significant complications and preserve kidney function.
