Pulmonary veno-occlusive diseases (PVOD) refer to a group of rare and life-threatening disorders that affect the blood vessels in the lungs. PVOD is characterized by the narrowing and eventual blockage of the small pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. This obstruction leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels, ultimately resulting in pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs).
Symptoms of PVOD may include shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, chest pain, and exercise intolerance. As the disease progresses, individuals may also experience severe respiratory distress and right-sided heart failure.
The exact cause of PVOD is unknown, but it is thought to be related to abnormalities in the lining of the pulmonary veins. In some cases, PVOD may be associated with certain genetic mutations or be triggered by exposure to certain toxins or drugs.
Diagnosing PVOD can be challenging since the symptoms and imaging findings can be similar to other lung diseases. It requires thorough evaluation of clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, imaging studies such as chest X-rays, echocardiography, and sometimes lung biopsy.
Treatment options for PVOD are limited and primarily focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications may be prescribed to help reduce pulmonary hypertension and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered as a potential cure.
Due to the rarity and severity of PVOD, it is crucial for individuals with suspected or confirmed PVOD to receive medical attention from a specialized healthcare team experienced in managing the disease.
