PTH, also known as parathyroid hormone, is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that play a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. The parathyroid glands are small hormone-producing glands located in the throat, behind the thyroid gland.
PTH acts primarily on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to maintain proper calcium balance in the body. Its main function is to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones, which enhances bone resorption. PTH also decreases calcium excretion through the kidneys and enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines.
In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis, PTH also has effects on phosphorus levels. It acts to decrease phosphorus levels in the blood by inhibiting its reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion.
Disruptions in PTH levels can lead to disorders such as hyperparathyroidism (excessive PTH production), hypoparathyroidism (insufficient PTH production), or pseudohypoparathyroidism (reduced response to PTH). These conditions can result in imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels, leading to various symptoms including abnormal bone metabolism, muscle weakness, kidney stones, and nerve issues.
Overall, PTH serves as a critical regulator of calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, ensuring proper bone health, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
