Pterygiums are benign growths that occur on the surface of the eye, specifically on the conjunctiva, which is the clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. These growths typically appear as elevated, triangular-shaped masses that extend from the inner corner of the eye towards the cornea, which is the transparent layer that covers the front of the eye.
Pterygiums are mainly caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, as well as other environmental factors such as dry or dusty conditions. They are more commonly observed in individuals who spend significant time outdoors, particularly in sunny climates. Prolonged UV exposure can lead to an abnormal growth and thickening of the conjunctival tissue, resulting in the development of a pterygium.
Symptoms of pterygiums can include redness, irritation, and itching in the affected eye, as well as a sensation of having a foreign body in the eye. In severe cases, these growths can extend onto the cornea, potentially causing vision problems, such as astigmatism or distortion.
Treatment for pterygiums depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with the use of lubricating eye drops or artificial tears to alleviate dryness and discomfort. However, if the growth becomes symptomatic or visually significant, surgical removal may be necessary. Although pterygiums can recur even after surgical excision, preventative measures, such as wearing sunglasses with UV protection and using protective eye wear, can help reduce the risk of recurrence.
