PSEUDORANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR Meaning and
Definition
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A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is a computational algorithm or mathematical function that generates a sequence of numbers that superficially imitates those generated by a truly random process. Unlike true random number generators that rely on unpredictable natural phenomena or physical processes such as atmospheric noise or radioactive decay, PRNGs are deterministic and therefore, purely algorithmic in nature.
The PRNG algorithm starts with an initial value known as a seed, which is processed to generate the first pseudorandom number. The subsequent numbers in the sequence are generated by performing calculations on the current number in such a way that it appears random. These generators often use complex mathematical formulas or iterative algorithms to produce a sequence of numbers that possess statistical properties similar to true randomness, such as a uniform distribution or independence.
Pseudorandom number generators find broad usage in areas where random numbers are required for simulations, statistical analysis, cryptography, and various gaming applications. While PRNGs can produce sequences of numbers that may appear random, they are ultimately deterministic and can repeat their generated sequences after a certain period, known as the cycle length. This limitation distinguishes them from true random number generators.
PRNGs have been extensively studied and developed for decades, with varying degrees of quality and security. It is crucial to carefully select and test PRNGs to ensure they meet the specific criteria of the intended application, as flaws and biases in the algorithm design or seed selection could result in predictable or non-random outcomes.
