PROTEIN IMMUNOASSAY Meaning and
Definition
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Protein immunoassay is a laboratory technique used in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics to detect and quantify specific proteins in biological samples. It is a highly sensitive and specific method that exploits the principles of immunology and uses antibodies to identify and measure the targeted proteins.
In this technique, a protein of interest, known as the target antigen, is captured or bound by specific antibodies immobilized on a solid support, such as a microplate or beads. These antibodies recognize and bind to unique epitopes on the target protein with high affinity. Once the antigen-antibody complex is formed, a detection antibody conjugated with a label is added. The label can be an enzyme, fluorescent dye, or radioactive isotope. The detection antibody recognizes another epitope on the target protein, leading to the formation of a sandwich complex.
After a series of washing steps to remove unbound components, the signal generated by the label is measured using various detection systems. The intensity of the signal is directly proportional to the concentration of the target protein in the sample, allowing for quantitative analysis. Protein immunoassays are commonly performed using techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, or immunofluorescence.
Protein immunoassays find applications in various fields, including medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and basic research. They are particularly useful in diagnosing diseases, monitoring therapeutic responses, and evaluating biomarkers. With their high specificity and sensitivity, protein immunoassays play a vital role in our understanding of protein function, disease mechanisms, and the development of personalized medicine.
Common Misspellings for PROTEIN IMMUNOASSAY
- orotein immunoassay
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Etymology of PROTEIN IMMUNOASSAY
The word "protein immunoassay" is derived from two key components: "protein" and "immunoassay".
1. Protein: The term "protein" comes from the French word "protéine", which was coined in the early 19th century by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. It was derived from the Greek word "proteios", meaning "primary" or "of prime importance".
2. Immunoassay: The term "immunoassay" combines two words - "immune" and "assay".
- "Immune" originates from the Latin word "immunis", meaning "free" or "exempt". It was later adopted into English in the late 15th century.
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