Prolactin hypersecretion syndrome, also known as hyperprolactinemia, is a medical condition characterized by the excessive production and secretion of prolactin hormone by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. Prolactin is primarily responsible for stimulating lactation and maintaining breast milk production in women after childbirth. However, in individuals with prolactin hypersecretion syndrome, prolactin levels are elevated in the bloodstream even in the absence of pregnancy or breastfeeding.
This condition can occur due to various underlying causes, including pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), certain medications, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, or chest wall trauma. The elevated levels of prolactin can lead to a range of symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods (or absence of periods in women), infertility, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, breast milk production in men (galactorrhea), and in rare cases, breast enlargement (gynecomastia).
Diagnosis of prolactin hypersecretion syndrome typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure prolactin levels, and sometimes imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect pituitary tumors. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Medications such as dopamine agonists are commonly prescribed to reduce prolactin levels and restore normal hormone balance. In some cases, surgical removal of pituitary tumors may be necessary.
It is important for individuals with prolactin hypersecretion syndrome to receive appropriate medical management as the condition can have significant effects on reproductive health and overall well-being. Regular monitoring of hormone levels and follow-up with healthcare professionals are crucial for effective management of this condition.
