Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain and causes deteriorating movement, balance, and vision problems. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells, or neurons, in certain regions of the brain, primarily the brainstem and basal ganglia.
PSP leads to a variety of motor symptoms, including difficulties with eye movements (often evidenced by an inability to move the eyes up and down), unsteady gait, balance problems, and stiffness or rigidity of muscles. Individuals with PSP often experience falls and have difficulty with speech and swallowing. Cognitive impairments, such as memory loss and problems with attention and reasoning, may also occur but tend to be less prominent than the movement-related symptoms.
The exact cause of PSP is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal buildup of a protein called tau within brain cells. This accumulation of tau disrupts the normal functioning of neurons and leads to their degeneration over time.
There is no cure for PSP, and treatment primarily focuses on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. Physical therapy and assistive devices may help with mobility and maintaining independence. Medications can be used to address specific symptoms, such as muscle stiffness. Speech therapy and dietary adjustments may aid in managing speech and swallowing difficulties.
Given its progressive nature, PSP typically worsens over time and has a significant impact on daily activities and overall functioning.
