Progressive lingual hemiatrophy, also known as Parry-Romberg syndrome or facial hemiatrophy, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive atrophy (wasting away) of one side of the tongue, along with involvement of other facial structures. This condition primarily affects the muscles and tissues on one side of the face, leading to facial asymmetry, underdevelopment, or shrinkage.
The exact cause of progressive lingual hemiatrophy is not well understood, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence, and is more commonly observed in females than males. Symptoms of the disorder include a gradual and progressive decrease in the size of one side of the tongue, resulting in difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing. Additionally, facial features on the affected side may become smaller, leading to facial asymmetry. Other associated symptoms can include dental problems, migraine headaches, seizures, and vision problems.
Treatment options for progressive lingual hemiatrophy are limited, and mainly focus on managing the symptoms. This may involve speech therapy to address any speech or swallowing difficulties, dental assessments and interventions, and the use of medications to manage related symptoms such as migraines or seizures. In more severe cases, reconstructive surgery may be considered to improve facial appearance and function. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of treatment can vary, and the progression of the disorder may be unpredictable.
