The spelling of the word "Probability Sample" can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as /ˌprɒbəˈbɪlɪti sɑːmpl/. In this spelling, "probability" is pronounced with stress on the second syllable, with the "o" pronounced as "ɒ" and the "i" pronounced as "ɪ". Meanwhile, "sample" is pronounced with stress on the first syllable, with the "a" pronounced as "ɑː" and the final "e" silent. This term refers to a sample group that is selected using probability methods, ensuring that every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
Probability sampling is a method in statistics and research that involves selecting a representative sample from a larger population based on the principles of probability theory. In a probability sample, each individual or element in the population has a known, non-zero probability of being selected for inclusion in the sample. This ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen, providing a basis for unbiased and generalizable results.
There are various types of probability sampling methods, including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. Simple random sampling involves the random selection of individuals from the population, ensuring that each has an equal likelihood of being included. Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from the population after the initial random selection. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata and then randomly selecting individuals from each stratum. Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters or groups and then randomly selecting entire clusters to be included in the sample.
The objective of using probability sampling is to increase the external validity of the research findings by obtaining a sample that is representative of the population. This allows researchers to make inferences and generalizations about the entire population based on the characteristics and patterns observed in the sample. Probability sampling methods help minimize bias and ensure that the sample accurately represents the diversity and characteristics of the population under study.
The etymology of the word "probability" can be traced back to the Latin word "probabilitas", which means "probability, likelihood, or credibility". It is derived from the Latin verb "probare", which means "to test, prove, or approve". The term "sample" comes from the Old French word "essample", meaning "example" or "sample". The word "probability sample" refers to a sample in which each member of the population has a known, nonzero chance of being selected, thereby providing a basis for statistical inference.