The spelling of "private equity" is derived from the pronunciation of the words "pry-vit" and "e-kwuh-tee". The IPA phonetic transcription of this term would be /ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwɪti/. "Private" is pronounced as /ˈpraɪvət/ with stress on the first syllable and the second syllable pronounced as "vət". "Equity" is pronounced as /ˈɛkwɪti/ with stress on the first syllable and the final syllable pronounced as "ti". Private equity refers to an alternative investment class consisting of capital not listed on a public exchange.
Private equity refers to a type of investment capital that is provided by private individuals or institutions to acquire ownership stakes in companies that are not publicly traded on stock exchanges. It involves making substantial investments into companies for the purpose of generating higher returns over the long term. Typically, private equity firms raise funds from wealthy individuals, pension funds, or other institutional investors, and use these funds to invest in a range of businesses, from startups to established companies.
Private equity investments often involve purchasing a controlling or significant stake in a company and actively participating in its management and governance. The goal is to grow and improve the company's performance, primarily through strategies such as operational improvement, restructuring, or expansion. Private equity firms aim to create value in the companies they invest in and ultimately exit their investment by selling to another investor or taking the company public through an initial public offering (IPO).
Unlike publicly traded companies, which have their shares traded on stock exchanges and must disclose financial information to the public, private equity investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements. Consequently, private equity investors have the flexibility to operate in a more agile and long-term-oriented manner. However, this also means that private equity investments are generally illiquid, with the capital being tied up for several years until the investment can be realized through a liquidity event.
The word "private equity" has a relatively recent etymology. The term "private equity" emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century to describe a particular kind of investment activity involving capital raised from private investors to directly invest in privately held companies.
The word "private" is derived from the Latin word "privatus", meaning "belonging to oneself" or "not for public use". It signifies something that is restricted or not publicly accessible.
"Equity" comes from the Latin word "aequitas", which means "equality" or "fairness". In the context of finance, equity refers to ownership or value in a business. In private equity, investors purchase equity stakes in companies privately rather than trading publicly on stock exchanges.
The combination of "private" and "equity" in "private equity" reflects the nature of the investment activity, where funds are raised privately and invested in privately held companies.