Prickle cell, also known as acanthocyte or spiculated red blood cell, is a term used in hematology to describe an abnormally shaped red blood cell (erythrocyte) that exhibits irregular spiky projections or thorny projections on its surface. These projections resemble thorns or spikes, hence the term "prickle cell."
Morphologically, prickle cells are characterized by their distorted, uneven outline and multiple pointed projections that cover the cell surface. These aberrant projections, or spicules, can vary in number and length, resulting in a highly irregular shape for the red blood cell. The formation of prickle cells is often associated with certain pathological conditions, such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, or vitamin E deficiency.
The presence of prickle cells in a blood sample can be indicative of underlying disorders or conditions. In cases of liver disease, the liver's impaired function leads to an altered lipid composition on the red blood cell surface, causing the formation of prickle cells. Hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are prematurely destroyed, can also result in the appearance of prickle cells due to the altered cell membrane structure. Additionally, a deficiency in vitamin E, an important antioxidant, can lead to the development of prickle cells, as the antioxidant function of vitamin E helps maintain the integrity of the red blood cell membrane.
The identification of prickle cells during microscopic examination of a blood sample can assist in diagnosing and monitoring certain hemolytic disorders or liver diseases.
