Premature Atrial Beat (PAB), also known as premature atrial contraction (PAC) or atrial ectopic beat, is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by an abnormal electrical activity originating within the atria (upper chambers of the heart).
During a normal heartbeat, a consistent electrical signal is generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) located in the right atrium, which then spreads throughout the atria, causing them to contract. In the case of a premature atrial beat, however, an additional electrical impulse occurs prematurely before the regular heartbeat cycle completes. This extra impulse disrupts the normal electrical conduction system, causing the atria to contract prematurely, and interrupting the normal sequence of heartbeats.
Premature atrial beats may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the individual. Some people may experience heart palpitations, a skipped heartbeat sensation, or fluttering in the chest, while others may not notice any symptoms. PABs are commonly benign and not considered dangerous, particularly in healthy individuals with no underlying heart conditions. However, in some cases, frequent or repetitive PABs can contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation, a more significant cardiac arrhythmia that may require medical intervention.
Diagnosing premature atrial beats often involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitoring, or event monitors to record the heart's electrical activity. Treatment options may vary depending on the frequency, severity, and underlying cause of the PABs, and can range from no treatment required for mild cases, to medications, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions if symptoms are bothersome or if the individual has an underlying heart condition.
