Preening is an English word that refers to the act of grooming oneself, typically by birds. The spelling of the word follows the typical English pattern of silent letters, with the "ea" in the middle pronounced as "i". The IPA phonetic transcription of the word is /priːnɪŋ/. The first syllable is pronounced as "pree", with a long "ee" sound. The second syllable is pronounced as "ning", with a short "i" sound followed by a nasal "ng" sound.
Preening is a verb that refers to the grooming and maintenance behaviors exhibited by birds to clean, arrange, and groom their feathers. It involves the bird using its beak to comb through its feathers, removing dirt, dust, and parasites while reshaping and aligning the feathers for optimal aerodynamic efficiency and insulation.
Preening is an essential activity for birds as it helps to maintain the integrity of their feathers, ensuring they remain clean, insulating, and functional for flight and protection. The process also aids in the distribution of natural oils produced by preen glands located near the base of their tails, which the bird spreads across its feathers during preening, enhancing feather durability and water resistance.
During preening, birds often engage in a series of distinct actions, such as extending and stretching their wings, scratching their bodies with their beak, arranging feathers using their bill, and shaking or flapping their wings. They may also use their feet to scratch hard-to-reach areas.
Preening is not solely a functional behavior but also serves social and communicative purposes. Birds may engage in mutual preening with their mates or flock members as a bonding activity, reinforcing social connections, and expressing trust and affiliation.
Overall, preening is a vital and complex behavior in the avian world, serving multiple purposes ranging from hygiene and plumage maintenance to social bonding and communication.
The word "preening" comes from the Old English verb "prēonan", which means "to adorn or deck oneself out". It is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "preunōną", which also means "to adorn oneself". The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Germanic word "*fraujaną", meaning "to celebrate" or "to rejoice", ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root "*prew-" meaning "to jump". Over time, the meaning of "preening" has evolved to refer specifically to the behavior of birds cleaning and grooming their feathers.