Postoperative wound infection is a medical condition characterized by the presence of harmful microorganisms, primarily bacteria, in a surgical incision site after a surgical procedure. It occurs when bacteria from the patient's own skin or the surrounding environment enter the wound, leading to an infection.
Symptoms of postoperative wound infection may vary depending on the severity and type of infection but commonly include redness and swelling around the incision, pain or tenderness, pus or fluid discharge, warm skin, and fever. Infections can be superficial, affecting only the skin and underlying tissue, or deeper, involving the muscles, organs, or implanted medical devices.
Postoperative wound infections can occur in any surgical incision but are more common in abdominal, orthopedic, and cardiothoracic surgeries. Several factors contribute to the risk of infection, including the patient's overall health, the presence of underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or obesity, the duration of surgery, and the cleanliness of the surgical environment.
To diagnose a postoperative wound infection, healthcare providers may examine the wound site, check for signs of inflammation or fluid collection, and collect samples for laboratory analysis. Treatment typically involves prescribing antibiotics to eliminate the infection and promoting wound healing through proper wound care techniques, such as cleaning and dressing the wound regularly.
Preventing postoperative wound infections is imperative and includes measures such as sterile surgical techniques, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, maintaining optimal body temperature during surgery, and proper postoperative wound care. Early identification and management of these infections are crucial to prevent complications and promote a prompt recovery for the patient.
