Positrons are subatomic particles with the symbol e+. The spelling of the word "positron" is pronounced as "ˈpɑːzɪtrɒn" where the "p" sounds like "pah," the "a" sounds like "ah," the "o" sounds like "aw," the "z" sounds like "zuh," the "i" sounds like "ih," the "t" sounds like "t," the "r" is rolled and the "on" sounds like "awn." The term "positron" was coined in 1933 by Carl D. Anderson, who discovered it while conducting experiments on cosmic rays.
Positrons are subatomic particles that belong to the family of elementary particles called leptons. A positron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron, having the same mass as an electron but carrying a positive electric charge. The term "antiparticle" refers to a particle that has the opposite charge to its corresponding particle. Positrons arise naturally from certain radioactive decays and high-energy particle interactions.
Positrons have a short lifespan of only a fraction of a second because they quickly annihilate when they come into contact with an electron. This annihilation process occurs when the positron and an electron collide, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. The energy released during this interaction is equivalent to the mass of both particles being converted into pure energy, as described by Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc².
Positrons have significant applications in medical science, particularly in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. In PET scans, a positron-emitting radioactive substance is injected into the patient's body, and the annihilation of positrons with electrons produces detectable gamma rays. These gamma rays provide valuable information about the physiological and biochemical functions of organs and tissues, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
In summary, positrons are subatomic particles with the same mass as electrons but with a positive charge. They exist as antiparticles and have a short lifespan due to annihilation with electrons. Positrons have important applications in medical imaging, particularly in PET scans, where their annihilation provides valuable information about bodily functions.
The word "positron" is derived from the Latin word "positus", which means "placed" or "positioned". The term was coined in 1933 by the American physicist Carl D. Anderson, who discovered the particle while observing cosmic rays. Since the positron carries a positive charge, Anderson named it by appending the suffix "-on" to the word "positive". The term "positron" has been used ever since to describe the antimatter counterpart of an electron.