POLYRIBOSOMES Meaning and
Definition
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Polyribosomes, also known as polysomes, are large and complex molecular structures composed of multiple ribosomes simultaneously translating a single mRNA molecule in a process called translation. Found in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, polyribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and play a crucial role in the efficient production of proteins.
Each polyribosome consists of multiple ribosomes that are spaced apart along the length of an mRNA molecule. These ribosomes are connected to the mRNA strand by messenger RNA-binding proteins and form a continuous chain, allowing for the simultaneous translation of multiple copies of a protein.
Polyribosomes increase the efficiency of protein synthesis by maximizing the output of gene expression. They enable numerous ribosomes to simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule, ensuring a higher rate of protein production compared to individual ribosomes. This mechanism is particularly important in cells with high protein demands, such as rapidly dividing cells or cells involved in secreting large amounts of proteins.
The formation of polyribosomes is tightly regulated by various cellular factors, including initiation factors that promote ribosome assembly on mRNA, as well as elongation and termination factors that regulate the proper translation process.
In summary, polyribosomes are multiprotein complexes responsible for the simultaneous translation of an mRNA molecule. They enhance protein synthesis efficiency by coordinating multiple ribosomes to efficiently and rapidly produce proteins necessary for cellular function.
Common Misspellings for POLYRIBOSOMES
- oolyribosomes
- lolyribosomes
- -olyribosomes
- 0olyribosomes
- pilyribosomes
- pklyribosomes
- pllyribosomes
- pplyribosomes
- p0lyribosomes
- p9lyribosomes
- pokyribosomes
- popyribosomes
- pooyribosomes
- poltribosomes
- polgribosomes
- polhribosomes
- poluribosomes
- pol7ribosomes
- pol6ribosomes
- polyeibosomes
Etymology of POLYRIBOSOMES
The word "polyribosomes" is formed by combining two main morphemes: "poly-" and "ribosomes".
1. "Poly-" is a prefix derived from the Greek word "polus", meaning "many" or "much". It is commonly used in English to indicate multiplicity, abundance, or complexity. For example, in words like "polygamy" (having multiple spouses) or "polytechnic" (relating to various technical disciplines).
2. "Ribosomes" refers to the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. The term originates from the combination of two morphemes: "ribo-" and "-somes".
- "Ribo-" is derived from the word "ribose", which is a type of sugar found in RNA (ribonucleic acid). This sugar is essential for the structure and function of RNA molecules.
