Polyphenols are a group of chemical compounds found abundantly in plants. They are characterized by having multiple phenol groups, which are aromatic structures with a hydroxyl group (OH-) attached to a benzene ring. These compounds play an essential role in the growth, development, and defense mechanisms of plants.
Polyphenols are widely known for their diverse and beneficial effects on human health. They act as potent antioxidants, protecting cells against damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, their antioxidant properties may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer.
Polyphenols can be classified into several subgroups. Flavonoids, the most common and extensively studied subclass of polyphenols, are found in various fruits, vegetables, and beverages like tea and wine. Other subclasses include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, lignans, and tannins.
Polyphenols are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities. They have been associated with promoting cardiovascular health, improving cognitive function, and modulating the immune system. Some polyphenols also show potential for regulating blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of diabetes.
While polyphenols are mostly obtained through consumption of plant-based foods, they also have potential applications in medicine and cosmetic industries due to their bioactive properties.
In conclusion, polyphenols are a diverse group of plant-based compounds known for their antioxidant and health-promoting effects. With their wide range of biological activities, these compounds have drawn significant attention in the fields of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetic science.
