POLYOMAVIRUS TUMOR ANTIGENS Meaning and
Definition
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Polyomavirus tumor antigens are proteins produced by polyomaviruses, a group of DNA viruses that can infect humans and animals. These tumor antigens in particular play a significant role in the development and progression of polyomavirus-associated tumors.
Polyomavirus tumor antigens are usually expressed in infected cells and have the ability to influence various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, and cellular transformation. These antigens can interact with specific host proteins to disrupt the cell's normal functions, contributing to the development of tumors.
Polyomavirus tumor antigens have been extensively studied in the context of two well-known human polyomaviruses: the simian virus 40 (SV40) and the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). SV40 tumor antigens, specifically large tumor antigen (LT-Ag) and small tumor antigen (ST-Ag), have been found to play a crucial role in malignant transformation and tumor formation in experimental systems. MCPyV tumor antigens, on the other hand, have been associated with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer.
Understanding the functions and mechanisms of polyomavirus tumor antigens is important for unraveling the pathogenesis of polyomavirus-associated tumors and for potentially developing targeted therapies to treat these cancers. Research in this field is ongoing, aiming to shed light on the complex interactions between these antigens and host cells, and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets for combating polyomavirus-associated tumors.
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