Polyarteritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to multiple small and medium-sized arteries throughout the body. The term "polyarteritis" is derived from poly- meaning many or multiple, and arteritis, which refers to inflammation of the arteries. This condition primarily affects the wall layers of the arteries, resulting in their thickening, narrowing, and eventual blockage.
Polyarteritis can involve various organs, including the skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system. The exact cause of polyarteritis is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It commonly affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60, although it can occur at any age.
The symptoms of polyarteritis vary depending on the organs involved but may include fatigue, weight loss, fever, muscle and joint pain, skin rashes, nerve damage, and organ dysfunction. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, polyarteritis can lead to serious complications, such as kidney failure, heart problems, stroke, and even death.
The diagnosis of polyarteritis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and a biopsy of affected tissues. Treatment typically involves the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Additionally, symptom management and supportive care may be necessary.
Polyarteritis is a complex and potentially debilitating condition that requires ongoing medical management, often involving a multidisciplinary approach with rheumatologists, nephrologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists. Regular monitoring and close follow-up are crucial to managing the disease and preventing complications.
