POLARIZATION FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY Meaning and
Definition
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Polarization fluoroimmunoassay (PFA) is a highly sensitive laboratory technique used for the detection and quantification of specific molecules or substances in biological samples. It combines elements of fluorescence microscopy and immunoassays to provide accurate and precise measurements.
In PFA, a sample containing the target analyte is incubated with specific antibodies that are labeled with a fluorescent tag. The antibodies bind specifically to the target analyte, forming an immune complex. This complex is then subjected to a polarized light source, which emits light waves vibrating in a single plane. When the polarized light interacts with the immune complex, the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent tag becomes polarized. The degree of polarization is directly proportional to the concentration of the target analyte in the sample.
By measuring the polarization of the emitted fluorescence, PFA can detect and quantify the target analyte with great sensitivity and accuracy. The technique offers several advantages, including low background noise, minimized interference from other substances in the sample, and the ability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously.
PFA has a wide range of applications in clinical diagnostics, biomedical research, and drug discovery. It is commonly used to measure hormone levels, infectious diseases, drug concentrations, and the presence of tumor markers. Its high sensitivity and specificity make PFA a valuable tool in many areas of the life sciences.
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Etymology of POLARIZATION FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY
The word "Polarization Fluoroimmunoassay" is a combination of various terms in the field of medical science.
- Polarization: refers to the property where light waves oscillate in a specific direction. In the context of the fluoroimmunoassay, polarization is used to measure the rotation of polarized light caused by the presence of specific antigens or antibodies.
- Fluoro: short for fluorescence, which is a phenomenon where certain substances emit light of a higher wavelength after absorbing light of a lower wavelength. Fluorescence is utilized in the assay to detect specific molecules.
- Immuno: derived from "immuno-" meaning immunology or immune response. Immunoassay refers to any analytical method that utilizes the antigen-antibody reaction.
- Assay: a method or test used to analyze or measure the presence and concentration of a substance in a sample.
