A "poison bean" is a noun that refers to a type of legume, belonging to the genus Abrus, which contains a toxic substance called abrin. Abrus precatorius, commonly known as the rosary pea or jequirity pea, is the most well-known species within this category. Poison beans are indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions, particularly found in Asia, Africa, and parts of Australia.
These beans are small and typically red or black in color, with a characteristic black spot around the hilum. Despite their attractive appearance, poison beans are highly toxic and pose a significant health risk if ingested. The primary toxin found in this plant, abrin, is a ribosome-inactivating protein that can cause severe poisoning, organ damage, and even death. The symptoms of poisoning, which can manifest within hours of ingestion, include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, seizures and coma.
It is crucial to handle poison beans with extreme caution to avoid accidental exposure to the venomous toxin. The beans should not be chewed, crushed, or ingested in any form, as even a minimal amount of abrin can be potentially lethal. In some cultures, the seeds of the poison bean have been historically used to make ornamental jewelry or beads, calling for extra vigilance when handling these objects. The ingestion of poison beans should be considered a medical emergency, and immediate medical attention is essential in case of poisoning.
