A pneumovirus is a type of virus belonging to the family of Paramyxoviridae, which is comprised of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Pneumoviruses specifically fall into the subfamily Pneumovirinae and are characterized by their ability to cause respiratory tract infections in various mammal species, including humans.
These viruses are responsible for causing diseases such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and the common cold in both adults and children. Pneumoviruses are highly contagious and primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals. They can also survive for a short period on surfaces, posing a risk of indirect transmission.
The most well-known and extensively studied pneumovirus is the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). RSV infections are particularly prevalent in young children and can be severe, especially in infants and those with weakened immune systems. Symptoms commonly associated with pneumoviral infections include cough, congestion, wheezing, shortness of breath, and fever.
Currently, no specific antiviral treatment exists for pneumoviral infections. Management primarily involves supportive care to relieve symptoms, such as hydration and fever control. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required, especially for young children or those at higher risk of complications.
Vaccination against RSV is being developed and recommended for certain high-risk groups, such as premature infants or children with underlying medical conditions. Preventive measures, including regular hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and practicing respiratory etiquette, are important in reducing the spread of pneumoviruses.
