Pneumonitis is a medical term used to describe inflammation of the lung tissue, specifically the air sacs (alveoli) or the bronchioles. It refers to the generalization of lung inflammation rather than a specific cause. Pneumonitis can be caused by various factors, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, exposure to toxins or irritants, autoimmune disorders, or as a side effect of certain medications.
Symptoms of pneumonitis can vary depending on the underlying cause, but commonly include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, pneumonitis can lead to respiratory failure, which requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis of pneumonitis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These may include a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, blood tests to check for infection or autoimmune disorders, and occasionally a lung biopsy.
Treatment for pneumonitis depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In cases caused by infectious agents, antimicrobial medications such as antibiotics or antifungals may be prescribed. If pneumonitis is caused by exposure to toxic or irritant substances, removal from the source is crucial. Corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.
Prognosis for pneumonitis varies, and it largely depends on the underlying cause and timely treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to preventing complications and promoting a full recovery.
