A pleurolith is a medical term that refers to a calcified or mineralized mass or structure located in or around the pleura, which is the thin membrane that covers the lungs and lines the chest cavity. The word "pleurolith" is derived from the combination of "pleuro," referring to the pleura, and "lith," meaning stone or rock-like.
Typically, a pleurolith is formed as a result of long-term inflammation or infection within the pleural space. This can lead to the deposition of minerals, such as calcium or salts, in the tissues of the pleura, resulting in the formation of a hard, stone-like mass.
Pleuroliths can vary in size and composition, ranging from small, gritty particles to larger, solid structures. They may be found incidentally on imaging studies, such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, or can present with symptoms depending on their size and location. Symptoms can include chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, or fever.
Treatment of pleuroliths typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as treating the underlying infection or providing anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove larger or symptomatic pleuroliths. Overall, the prognosis of individuals with pleuroliths depends on the underlying condition and the effectiveness of treatment.
