Plasma cell tumor, also known as plasma cell neoplasm or plasma cell dyscrasia, is a type of cancerous growth that arises from abnormal and uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, responsible for producing antibodies that help fight off infections.
In a plasma cell tumor, these cells become malignant and start reproducing in an uncontrolled manner. This can lead to the formation of tumors or masses in the bone marrow or other organs such as the soft tissues or organs like the liver, kidneys, or lymph nodes. These tumors can disrupt the normal functioning of these organs and impair the body's ability to produce healthy blood cells.
Plasma cell tumors can manifest in different forms, with multiple myeloma being the most common and aggressive type. Other types include solitary plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and localized plasmacytoma. Symptoms often include bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, anemia, kidney problems, and bone fractures.
Diagnosis of plasma cell tumors involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A biopsy, where a sample of the tumor is removed for examination under a microscope, may also be required to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for plasma cell tumors depend on the type and extent of the disease but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these. The goal of treatment is to reduce the number of cancer cells, alleviate symptoms, and improve overall quality and duration of life.
