PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION Meaning and
Definition
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Planetary differentiation refers to the geological process by which a planet, moon, or other celestial body undergoes a separation or segregation of its constituent materials to form distinct layers or zones with different compositions and physical properties. This process occurs due to the differentiation of dense materials from less dense ones under the influence of gravity.
During the formation of a celestial body, such as a planet, the intense heat and pressure generated by the accretion of materials cause the body to melt. This molten mass starts to differentiate as heavier elements sink towards the center, and lighter materials rise towards the surface. As a result, distinct layers are formed, typically consisting of a metallic core, a silicate mantle, and a thin crust.
The process of planetary differentiation plays a crucial role in shaping the overall structure and composition of a celestial body. It influences the distribution and availability of elements and minerals, as well as the body's internal dynamics, heat flow, and magnetic field generation.
Planetary differentiation is evident in various celestial bodies in our solar system. Earth, for example, possesses a well-defined inner core made of solid iron and nickel, surrounded by a liquid outer core. Above the core lies the mantle, composed mainly of silicates, and the Earth's outermost layer is the crust.
Studying planetary differentiation provides insights into the formation and evolution of celestial bodies, helping scientists understand the processes that occur within them and how they have developed over time.
Etymology of PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
The word "planetary" is derived from the Latin word "planēta", which means "wandering star". It originated from the Greek word "planētēs", referring to a celestial object that appears to move between the fixed stars. The word "differentiation" comes from the Latin word "differentiare", which means "to make different". It is derived from the combination of "differentia" (difference) and the suffix "-are" (to make or cause). Therefore, the term "planetary differentiation" refers to the process of forming distinct layers or zones within a planet, where different materials separate based on factors like density and composition.
